... often only interested in short term health problems as employment is frequently for a single period of sea service. They are particularly concerned about medical conditions and injuries that could lay ...
... of good study design. Is the population used to determine the prevalence or the incidence of a condition clearly defined, with details given? Risk can be under or overstated if the population is not ...
... the condition and a study in the British Navy by Lind in 1747 provided some scientific support for this. It took a further fifty years for the navy to introduce lemon juice as both a preventative method ...
... general, with less focus on the management of a number of clinical conditions as in previous editions. For medical advice on management of clinical conditions at sea, we refer our readers to the International ...
... through normal immigration channels as well as fines attributed to the vessel for landing the stowaway. These costs and expenses, subject to certain conditions, are covered under the vessel’s P&I insurance ...
... of oil, drugs, agricultural products and other goods. Piracy is directly enabled by the socio-economic conditions of coastal states. The presence of weak governments embroiled in political violence, ...
... deaths at sea were 310, plus 467 missing, with deaths rising in 2019.[3] One reason for the rise in fatalities is the increase in extreme weather conditions.[4] Notably, the South China and the East Indies ...
... ship after some time and often only in limited numbers and capability. The time taken depends on many factors, including the location of the ship, the sea and weather conditions and the availability of ...
... minimums in terms of navigability conditions, safety, hygiene, etc., or maybe because the ship has been involved in some illegal activity. In addition, since 2013, when the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) ...
... the requirement for immersion suits with surface survival times of 24 hours under the worst environmental conditions. A common problem is the incompatibility between clothes or survival suits and lifejackets ...
... again, it is vital to assess the damaged stability condition (for which management assistance may be required). Foundering and Capsize A ship may sink or capsize for a number of reasons, including ...
... in the duties undertaken such as maintenance of sewage systems, providing medical care living conditions on board such as single or multiple accommodation the likely “mix” of persons onboard, that ...
... and dawn Wear long-sleeved shirts and trousers when outside Systematic availability of insect repellent on board Air conditioning should be functioning and used at all times Window and door screens ...
... gastrointestinal infection. In the pre-COVID.19 pandemic era seafarers and passengers alike often perceived the air-conditioning on board as a cause of their frequent upper respiratory infections and ...
... in hygiene practices. Overall, inadequate sanitation practices, low social class, and crowded or high-density living conditions seem to be related to a higher prevalence of H. pylori infection. Recent ...
... from an acute into a chronic condition. This requires life-long adherence to antiviral medication. The infected persons will usually be perfectly well for several years after infection. During this time ...
... condition. Many, but not all, infectious diseases which have been described in travellers are seen in seafarers as well. This may be due to the fact that more studies are undertaken in travellers than ...
... recreational facilities, making arrangements for sporting events when ashore. The modification of environmental or working conditions to reduce risks to health, for example, avoidance of exposure to ...
... isolation have significantly changed on board working and living conditions11,13,21,22. As suggested by the ITF Seafarers’ Trust23, fast technological advancement, increased automation, decreased personnel, ...
... from winches or pulleys Injuries due to slips, trips and falls or being struck by moving objects Exposure to stressful environmental conditions when working on deck, for example, heat, cold, strong ...