... working hours. Fatigue caused by long working hours, leading to watch keepers and look outs falling asleep or losing focus Insufficient training in the use of modern electronic navigation equipment. ...
... Seafarers and international travellers are at risk of developing disease once infected because they are non-immune and are frequently diagnosed late or misdiagnosed when returning home. Clinical manifestations ...
... respiratory infections and influenza-like illness are the most common cause of seeking medical attention by passengers and crew members aboard cruise and cargo ships (1,2,3,4). Verbist reported that ...
... tetanus immunization is essential (1). Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus The occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a recognized cause of nosocomial infection ...
... (HIV/AIDS) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Viruses 1 and 2 (HIV 1/2) which damage the immune system and make an affected person more vulnerable to infections ...
... employed on Danish ships during 1986 to 1993. Infectious diseases were more common among seafarers than in the male Danish population in general. Main causes of death on board of Danish merchant ships ...
... on board, on leave the same pattern needs to continue with similar calorie control. Individual risk is often identified in the course of seafarer medical examination or because of an episode of ill health. ...
... that similarly qualified crew may have different rates of remuneration. Different remuneration to different nationalities for the same work causes dissatisfaction amongst seafarers, as it is viewed as ...
... necessity to adopt stressful postures in confined spaces below deck. Injuries to the distal extremities caused by vibration, high forces or fast repetition of movement with additional risks due to backlash ...
... of the shark. Never try to feed sharks as it may also provoke an attack. Be careful not to come into contact with the rough skin of a shark, it may cause an injury, and the bleeding may in turn provoke ...
... frequency of this beat is likely to cause a resonant response. Structural factors On ships, there are structures that resonate with forced vibration, for example: - the entire driveshaft, ...
... generally regarded as one of the most important causes of accidents at sea, as exemplified by the capsize of “Herald of Free Enterprise” on 6th March 1987, the Scandinavian Star disaster on 7th April ...
... automatically obtained the Belgian nationality and was entitled to fly the Belgian flag. In the old days the captain also had to be Belgian because he had some public law functions. Today a ship obtains ...
... effect, in March 1978, the super tanker, ‘Amoco Cadiz’ grounded off the coast of Brittany, France, resulting in a massive oil spill. This incident caused a strong political and public demand for far more ...
... is a ‘Call’. If there is a shortfall because claims are high, the Members may pay a pro rata ‘additional call’, also called ‘back call’. If there is a surplus, a return may be made to the Membership, ...
... of the different resistances that a vessel encounters, such as resistance caused due to friction, pressure, wave and air. In addition, it is important to have an optimum underwater ship design in the ...
... well as to repair or fabricate pieces required for repairing broken/cracked components. They are important because of their technical and fitting skills, as well as their knowledge that is more technical ...
... workload caused by irregular and often long working hours, seafarers prefer using their leisure time for recreation and sleep. Due to the better communication possibilities in the coastal area, contact ...
... Geert Hofstede highlights generalized differences between national cultures and regional different worldviews4. In line with Durant & Shepherd3, we encourage caution of such arguments, both because they ...